In the paper, the author's then went ahead to examine the extent to which various regimes constraint policy space for member nations. They studied four US agreements
Development is a long-run process of transforming the economy from concentrated primary product-based economy to diversified set of assets based on knowledge.
Dollar currency paradigm means that dollar matters a lot in global trade. So suppose, India and Brazil are involved in a bilateral trade whereby India buys oil from Brazil while Brazil buys pharmaceutical drugs from India.
The study explores the effect of trade and FDI contributed to CO2 emissions in China from 1981-2014. It finds that trade, mainly exports, and FDI had significantly led to higher emissions. Thereby it finds evidence in support of Pollution Haven Hypothesis.
Historically, one of the main reasons countries have borrowed abroad is to finance productive investments that would have been hard to finance out of domestic savings alone.